Synthetic Polymers (Plastic, Resin)
Introduction
This page is divided up into 4 section. If this is your first time here, please start
at the top and work your way down. For quick reference:
Caution on buttons containing
Formaldehyde
Early Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Modern Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Synthetic Polymers Cleaning, Restoring,
and Protection
AKA Man-made Polymer. Plastic is a man-made, synthetic or semi-synthetic material
that is made of polymers—long chains of molecules—that can be molded into various shapes.
It is derived mainly from petrochemicals like natural gas and oil, but can also be made
from renewable materials like corn, cellulose or milk proteins.
Please view the CLEANING CAUTIONS
If the synthetic polymer buttons contains any paint or enamel, please see
CLEANING BUTTONS WITH ENAMEL
There are two types of polymer plastics; Thermoplastics and Thermosets.
Thermoplastics
Thermoplastics is one type of polymer plastic that becomes pliable when heated
and solidifies upon cooling, allowing them to be repeatedly melted and reshaped. For buttons
making Celluloid (both cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene), Nylon (polyamide resin), and Lucite (polymethyl methacrylate - PMMA) are the most
popular thermoplastics used in buttons.
Thermosets
Thermosets harden when heated, forming strong, cross-linked bonds. Once it has cured,
it cannot be remolded or reshaped by reheating, unlike thermoplastics. For early button
making Bakelite (phenolic resin or phenol-formaldehyde resin), Catalin (phenol-formaldehyde
resin), early Casein (formaldehyde milk protein), polyester resin and urea-formaldehyde resin
are the most popular thermosetting plastics used in making buttons.
NOTE Formaldehyde is a known human carcinogen (causes Cancer), and exposure can
cause eye, nose, and throat irritation, headaches, nausea or worse. If you notice a strong,
unpleasant chemical odor ensure you're protecting yourself by wearing latex gloves and the area
is well-ventilated.
All the synthetic polymer plastic buttons that contained and smell like formaldehyde might
be considered Bakelite, but are not. Those early synthetic polymer buttons include Casein,
Catalin, Galalith and Urea. Some modern buttons are made from Phenolic Resin. Collectors should use other means to confirm material.
In actuality buttons containing formaldehyde, and are tested with certain polish and cleaners,
were actually testing for exposure to UV light like the sun. When it is exposed to sunlight, it will
turn the phenolic resin into a layer of phenyl alcohol and the yellow-brown stain is the
reaction from the phenyl alcohol. This chemical reaction also changes the color of the button.
For instance the apple juice colored Catalin buttons are actually clean and because it was exposed to UV it turned that
apple juice color.
While Simichrome is often used to test for Bakelite (leaving a yellow residue on a cotton swab if
positive), experts recommend against using any chemicals on early man-made polymers for general
cleaning, as the long-term effects are unknown and some plastics are not waterproof like Casein.
Some button makers at this time used a layer of sealer that would protect and seal the button
material. The sealer was used to discuss the smell the buyer was complaining about. You might
find yourself attending a sale or auction that will only allow the friction heat teat. The
material is rubbed on clothing until it becomes warm, which will give off a moth ball-like order.
Bakelite / Catalin
Bakelite or Catalin (phenolic resin or phenol-formaldehyde resin) - These are Thermosets
plastics and as stated before, was one of the first synthetic plastics. Bakelite buttons were
made by first creating a phenolic resin from phenol and formaldehyde, then mixing it with
fillers (like sawdust) making it opaque, usually dark black or brown colors. Then it was molded
under intense heat and pressure in a "Bakelizer" to create a hard plastic that couldn't be
re-melted. Catalin was invented later and was a cast, filler-free version, allowing for clear,
vibrant, marbled colors, making it popular for colorful buttons It earned the nickname "Gem of
Plastics". While often grouped, Catalin is a distinct, more colorful, and decorative type of
phenolic resin. Both Bakelite and Catalin sewing buttons, when slightly heated (by rubbing or
hot water), emit a distinct, often sweet, chemical smell reminiscent of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde
has a strong, pungent, sharp odor often described as pickle-like, vinegar, or burnt matches.
Since this type of synthetic polymer contains flomoldehyde -
CLICK HERE TO SEE CAUTIONS
Back To Early Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Casein
Casein / Galaltih AKA Milk Stone (formaldehyde treated milk product). This plastic is
thermoset plastic, which is classified as a semi-synthetic plastic made from casein, a
protein in milk, which is hardened with formaldehyde. Also known as milk plastic or Galalith.
Trade names include Galalith (France/Germany), Erinoid (UK), Aladdinite (US), and Lactoid.
The production was started in the early 20th century due to its ability to be colored
easily and was used to make small items like buttons. Casein sewing buttons generally do
not have a strong smell when dry but can emit a distinctive odor when exposed to heat or
moisture, typically described as 1) burnt or scalded milk, 2) cured cheese, 3) wet dog or
animal-ish/meat-ish, 4) wet wool, 5) scorched hair, horn, or antler or 6) rancid.
Since this type of synthetic polymer contains flomoldehyde -
CLICK HERE TO SEE CAUTIONS
Back To Early Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Celluloid
Celluloid (cellulose nitrate) This plastic is Thermoplastics. Celluloid is one of the
first synthetic plastics, made from a mixture of nitrocellulose (a form of cellulose) and
camphor, which makes the material flexible. It was widely used in the late 19th and early
20th centuries. Although versatile during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was
eventually replaced by safer, less flammable materials due to its high flammability and
tendency to become brittle over time. These buttons have a smell of camphor (similar to
mothballs or Vick's VapoRub), where cellulose acetate doesn’t smell at all.
Back To Early Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Cellulose acetate
Cellulose acetate had no original brand name. This plastic is a semi-synthetic
thermoplastic made by treating purified cellulose (from wood pulp or cotton) with acetic
acid, resulting in a clear, glossy, durable material making it more eco-friendly than
fossil fuel plastics of today. Available in a vast range of colors, patterns (like
tortoiseshell, marble), and finishes, offering a sophisticated look. Cellulose acetate
buttons typically have little to no odor under normal conditions, but when heated (hot
water test) or degrading, they emit a distinctive vinegar-like smell due to the release
of acetic acid. Many "buffed celluloid" buttons are actually made from cellulose acetate,
or sometimes a mix.
Back To Early Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Lavahorn
Lavahorn was a trademark for La Mode buttons, acquired by Blumenthal in the USA around
1947 and primarily sold from the 1940s through the 1960s. They were synthetic polymers
made from urea-formaldehyde (thermosets) and hoofmeal. Expect deep, varied colors (blacks,
browns, even greens/pinks) with mottled realistic horn, tortoise shell or organic
patterns, often imitating wood or pinecone textures, with subtle surface variations.
Lighter than genuine horn but harder than plastic, with a unique, sometimes slightly
porous feel. Can range from rough/weathered to highly polished but generally has a
distinctive, natural look, unlike uniform plastic. Often have short peg shanks or
sewn-through holes, sometimes with visible tooling marks or a unique design.
Back To Early Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Lucite
Lucite (polymethyl methacrylate or PMMA). This is a thermoplastic known for its clarity
and glass-like appearance. Lucite is a brand name for this specific synthetic polymer.
Buttons were often featuring carved or molded designs like flowers, geometric shapes,
or confetti, used for both fastening garments and as decorative elements. They're valued
for their smooth finish, brightness, and ability to mimic glass or shell, with types
including sew-through (with holes) or shank buttons. Newer or modern Lucite buttons are
generally considered odorless, but over time the button might have a smell from residual
scent from storage (e.g., mothballs used in a drawer) or the natural off-gassing of
the material over decades in an enclosed space. This smell usually airs out quickly.
Back To Early Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Urea
Urea (urea-formaldehyde) This is a thermoset synthetic resin created from urea and
formaldehyde, often referred to as Bakelite buttons, because of the formaldehyde smell.
It is highly resistant to heat, impact, and chemicals. Urea buttons made their initial
appearance in the Emsig Manufacturing product line in 1941.
Since this type of synthetic polymer contains flomoldehyde -
CLICK HERE TO SEE CAUTIONS
Back To Early Synthetic Polymers
Identification
ABS Resin
ABS Resin (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene): This is a durable and impact-resistant
thermoplastic plastic. ABS resin is rapidly injected into a closed mold at low temperatures,
forming the basic button shape, including the shank if it's a shank button. A key feature
of ABS is that it can be electroplated (gold or silver) to look like metal buttons while
remaining lightweight, making it suitable for delicate fabrics.Logos are made out of this
plastic.
Back To Modern Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Acrylic
Acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate or PMMA) This is a thermoplastic known for its clarity
and glass-like appearance. Excellent resistance to UV light and weathering, preventing
yellowing or deterioration. Can be easily cut, drilled, thermoformed (heat-molded), and
bonded. Sold under many brand names include Plexiglass and Lucite.
Back To Modern Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Acrylic Shot
Acrylic shot craft material of the 1950s was a specific type of raw material made of
tiny acrylic beads or bits that home crafters and small industries could mold into small
objects, particularly buttons and jewelry components. The finished product had a distinctive
textured surface. It wasn't necessarily a large "machine," but a material used with various
molding tools. This process allows for the creation of intricate designs and a wide range of
colors including clear. It could be embellished, such as with glitter, painted or designs
added during the molding process.
Back To Modern Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Melamine
Melamine itself is a nitrogen-rich organic compound, but it's primarily known for the
melamine-formaldehyde resin, which is a strong, durable synthetic thermosetting polymer.
Melamine resin buttons are known for being durable, lightweight, shatterproof, heat-resistant,
and easy to clean, making them ideal for workwear, uniforms, and everyday clothing because they
resist fading, cracking, and melt better than some other plastics. They often have a distinct
seam from molding and sometimes leftover "flash" in the holes.
It's also used to create composite materials like melamine-coated particleboard (melamine
board), which you can find some independent buttons makers used this material to make buttons.
Melamine resin buttons, while generally safe if intact, pose health risks if they break,
degrade (especially with heat/acid), or if the chemical leaches out and you smell the formalhdehyde, potentially causing
kidney stones, bladder issues, and other problems, with significant concerns for infants/children
and high-exposure workers, although risks from buttons are low compared to food contact or
foam products.
Since this type of synthetic polymer contains flomoldehyde -
CLICK HERE TO SEE CAUTIONS
Back To Modern Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Nylon
Nylon (polyamide resin). Nylon is a thermoplastic, meaning it can be melted, reshaped,
and solidified repeatedly. For button construction they use 66 Nylon Acetyl Resin. Resistant
to moisture, humidity, and extreme temperatures, making them great for outdoor gear and
activewear. They are typically made using injection molding, which allows for complex shapes,
but they have lower heat resistance than polyester.
Back To Modern Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Phenolic Resin
Phenolic Resin or phenol-formaldehyde resin (thermoset) is being produced by many chemical
companies worldwide. The famous cast phenolic resin known as Catalin is still made, though
not by the original company, with a German firm (Raschig) producing it under the Catalin name
alongside other phenolic resins.Today’s Artisans, who are considered independent button makers,
use Catalin for their button creations, but identified them as Bakelite.
Modern phenolic resin buttons are generally considered low-risk for consumers due to
proper curing, but potential health concerns exist, primarily from formaldehyde and phenol,
especially during manufacturing, excessive heating, or sanding, which can release irritants
and carcinogens; strict handling protocols and good ventilation are crucial for workers,
while consumers benefit from cured products, though sensitivities to trace amounts of
chemicals (like formaldehyde) can cause allergies.
Since this type of synthetic polymer contains flomoldehyde -
CLICK HERE TO SEE CAUTIONS
Back To Modern Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Polymer Clay
Polymer clay is a versatile, synthetic modeling clay made from a plastic base known as
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) and is a thermoplastics. The clay stays soft until baked in a
regular oven, hardening permanently without shrinking, unlike natural clays. It's favored
by artists and hobbyists for its vibrant colors, ability to hold intricate details, and
versatility in mimicking materials like stone or glass.
Popular polymer clay brands include Sculpey (with lines like Premo, Soufflé, III, Super
Sculpey), Fimo (Soft, Professional, Kids), Kato Polyclay, Cernit, and Cosclay, each offering
different firmness, flexibility, and finishes (like translucent or metallic) ideal for
specific projects like buttons including caning, with Sculptry, Fimo, and Kato being major
players.
Some buttons were made shortly and distributed by brands like JHB. The independent button
makers use this material, since it is very versatile.
Back To Modern Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Polyester or Polystyrene
Polyester or Polystyrene (unsaturated polyester resin) Unsaturated polyester resins
(PET - recycle #1) is the only type of polyester used for buttons and is considered a
thermosets polymer (cure and harden permanently). This is the most prevalent material
used today for mass-produced plastic buttons due to its versatility, durability, and
low cost. Polyester buttons are made by mixing liquid polyester resin with dyes, pouring
it into rotating drums or tubes to form solid sheets or rods (using centrifugal force),
curing the resin until hard, then cutting, shaping, drilling holes, and polishing the
material into individual buttons, often using recycled plastic for an eco-friendlier option.
It can be made to imitate the look of natural materials such as mother-of-pearl, horn, or wood.
Back To Modern Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Urea Resin
Urea Resin (urea-formaldehyde) This thermosets resin is often used to mimic natural materials
and is known for its high durability, heat resistance, and impact resistance, making it a
popular choice for uniforms and workwear.
Urea resin buttons are generally safe for normal use as they are fully cured, but they contain
urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins, which can release trace amounts of formaldehyde, a known irritant
and potential carcinogen with prolonged, high-level exposure, especially if heated, sanded, or
damaged. Direct contact or inhaling dust from them isn't a major concern for most, but individuals
with sensitivities or breathing issues (like asthma) might react, so handling them with care,
avoiding heating/sanding, and good ventilation are wise precautions.
Since this type of synthetic polymer contains flomoldehyde -
CLICK HERE TO SEE CAUTIONS
Back To Modern Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Synthetic Polymers (Modern)
Do not use these instructions on Bakelite, Casein, Catalin, Celluloid, cellulose acetate.
phenic resin, and Polymer Clay buttons.You might in advertely damage these types
of buttons. If you don’t know the types of synthetic polymer, please select one of
the following
Early Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Modern Synthetic Polymers
Identification
Recommend Cleaning Method Remove thread by snipping it off with a seam ripper or scissors.
Avoid using bleach, strong detergents, or prolonged soaking.
A high temperature dryer might cause damage.
If unsure on the type of synthetic polymer, test cleaning agents on a small, hidden spot
of one button.
Place buttons in a colander and initially rinse with warm water.
Clean with water and mild soap such as Ivory Snow or Orvus WA Paste Cleaner.
Scrub gently using a soft-bristled toothbrush to clean crevices.
Rinse thoroughly with warm water and lay on a towel to air dry completely.
For Tougher Grime/Stuck-On Dirt For sticky residue use Goo Gone or Citra Solv Cleaner, then wash with soap and water.
Whipping with alcohol and hand sanitizer can help with mold/grime. Once removed rinse
with water.
Restoring Method(s) Apply a small amount of mineral oil to a soft cloth, gently rub the button to loosen
dirt, then wash off with soapy water and rinse.
Renaissance Micro Crystalline Polish Wax (1) - (time saver) since it
Cleans, Restores and Protects in one step. Safe for
gemstones. Protecting and/or Storing Synthetic polymers can be protected through proper handling, mindful cleaning, and
appropriate storage to prevent common issues like scratching, chipping, or degradation
over time.
Storing valuable plastic buttons in completely sealed, deep containers like jars is
generally discouraged because all plastic gives off some type of gas to some extent, and
trapped humidity can eventually cause issues, especially with mixed materials (e.g., metal
shanks). Shallow, open containers or well-ventilated storage is a better option for long-term
storage.
Keep buttons out of direct sunlight to prevent potential fading or material degradation,
particularly for buttons with no UV protectant.
Back To Synthetic Polymers Cleaning, Restoring,
and Protection
Bakelite (Early)
If you don’t know how to identify Bakelite - CLICK HERE Since
Bakelite contains wood chips, please use these recommendations.
Recommend Cleaning Method Remove thread by snipping it off with a seam ripper or scissors.
Do not use ammonia, strong solvents, or abrasive cleaners, as they can damage
the material.
Avoid prolonged soaking.
A high temperature washer and dryer will cause damage.
Wipe off loose dust and dirt with a dry, soft cloth.
Test cleaning agents on a small, hidden spot of the button.
Initially rinse with warm water.
Clean with water and mild soap such as Ivory Snow or Orvus WA Paste Cleaner.
Scrub gently using a soft-bristled toothbrush to clean crevices.
Rinse thoroughly with warm clean water and dry immediately and thoroughly.
Alternate Cleaning Methods Use this instead of soap. Cut a lemon, dip it in salt, rub lightly on the
surface, then wipe with a damp cloth and dry.
Restoring Method(s) For minor cracks or loose areas, dab a tiny bit of clear nail polish or super
glue (epoxy might be better) to hold things together.
A more gentle and reversible approach is advised. Many experts suggest using
a tiny amount of mineral oil on a cotton rag to polish the item, followed by buffing
with a dry, clean cloth to remove any excess. This approach avoids trapping harmful
acids and is easily reversible.
Using one the following wax, but you must apply it very thinly and avoid trapping
gases, as cellulose acetate releases acidic fumes that can damage the material if sealed
in, potentially causing decay.
Using one the following wax, work in small, circular motions to remove minor blemishes.
ACarnauba Wax (2)
Renaissance Micro Crystalline Polish Wax (1) - (time saver) since it
Cleans, Restores and Protects in one step. Safe for
gemstones. Protecting and/or Storing For protection consider using one of the waxes mentioned above.
Bakelite can be protected through proper handling, mindful cleaning, and appropriate
storage to prevent common issues like scratching, chipping, or degradation over time.
Storing valuable Bakelite buttons in completely sealed, deep containers like jars is
generally discouraged because all plastic gives off some type of gas to some extent, and
trapped humidity can eventually cause issues, especially with mixed materials (e.g., metal
shanks). Shallow containers or well-ventilated storage is a better option for long-term storage.
Store them in a place with consistent temperature and low humidity. Avoid extreme temperature
fluctuations, such as in attics or basements, which can damage the material.
Keep buttons out of direct sunlight to prevent potential fading or material degradation.
Early Bakelite didn’t have UV protectant and if sealant was used it isn’t either.
Back To Synthetic Polymers Cleaning, Restoring,
and Protection
Casein, Galalith, Lactoid, or Erinoid
If you don’t know how to identify Casein - CLICK HERE Since Casein
contains milk products and is susceptible to water damage, please use these recommendations.
Recommend Cleaning Method Remove thread by snipping it off with a seam ripper or scissors.
Water can damage Catalin, especially vintage pieces (unless they're modern Galalith,
which is more durable). Avoid prolonged soaking.
Avoid hot water or leaving them in direct sun.
Do not use ammonia, strong solvents, or abrasive cleaners, as they can damage the material.
Wipe off loose dust and dirt with a dry, soft cloth.
Test cleaning agents on a small, hidden spot of the button.
Initially rinse with warm water.
Lightly dampen a soft cloth (microfiber works well) with mild, soapy water using a mild
soap such as Ivory Snow or Orvus WA Paste Cleaner.
Wipe the button with a clean cloth with warm water, avoiding getting water into holes
or cracks if possible.
Immediately dry with a clean, dry cloth and gently buff to restore shine.
Restoring Method(s) Apply a tiny bit of non-gel toothpaste to a soft cloth, gently rub, then wipe clean
with a damp cloth and dry.
Using one the following wax, work in small, circular motions to remove minor blemishes.
ACarnauba Wax (2)
Renaissance Micro Crystalline Polish Wax (1) - (time saver) since it
Cleans, Restores and Protects in one step. Safe for
gemstones.
Protecting and/or Storing To protect casein sewing buttons, the primary focus is on avoiding mechanical
stress and exposure to high heat or prolonged moisture. Casein is an organic,
milk-derived plastic that is vulnerable to these elements.
This is the most important rule. Machine washing can cause casein to crack, become
dull, or even dissolve in water hotter than 50°C (122°F).
Storing valuable Catalin buttons in completely sealed, deep containers like jars is
generally discouraged because all plastic gives off some type of gas to some extent, and
trapped humidity can eventually cause issues, especially with mixed materials (e.g., metal
shanks). Shallow containers or well-ventilated storage is a better option for long-term
storage.
Keep buttons away from high heat sources, including hot water and clothes dryers, which
can weaken the structure and cause damage.
Store them in a place with consistent temperature and low humidity. Avoid extreme temperature
fluctuations, such as in attics or basements, which can damage the material.
Store spare or collectible buttons in a container that allows some airflow, like a
glass jar or a cookie tin. Avoid sealing them in airtight plastic for extended periods,
as some vintage plastics can degrade and damage other items.
Back To Synthetic Polymers Cleaning, Restoring,
and Protection
Catalin (Phenolic Resin)
If you don’t know how to identify Catalin - CLICK HERE Catalin does not contain wood chips.
Recommend Cleaning Method Remove thread by snipping it off with a seam ripper or scissors.
Do not use ammonia, strong solvents, or abrasive cleaners, as they can damage the material.
Avoid prolonged soaking.
A high temperature washer and dryer will cause damage.
Wipe off loose dust and dirt with a dry, soft cloth.
Test cleaning agents on a small, hidden spot of the button.
Initially rinse with warm water.
Clean with water and mild soap such as Ivory Snow or Orvus WA Paste Cleaner.
Scrub gently using a soft-bristled toothbrush to clean crevices.
Immediately dry with a clean, dry cloth and gently buff to restore shine.
Restoring Method(s) Catalin can sometimes withstand slightly more abrasive polishing treatments (like
very fine sandpaper, if needed for deep scratches, which is generally not recommended
for regular cleaning) because it lacks the opaque fillers found in Bakelite.
Using one the following wax, work in small, circular motions to remove minor blemishes.
ACarnauba Wax (2)
Renaissance Micro Crystalline Polish Wax (1) - (time saver) since it
Cleans, Restores and Protects in one step. Safe for
gemstones.
Protecting and/or Storing For protection consider using one of the waxes mentioned above.
Catalin can be protected through proper handling, mindful cleaning, and appropriate storage
to prevent common issues like scratching, chipping, or degradation over time.
Storing valuable Catalin buttons in completely sealed, deep containers like jars is
generally discouraged because all plastic gives off some type of gas to some extent, and
trapped humidity can eventually cause issues, especially with mixed materials (e.g., metal
shanks). Shallow containers or well-ventilated storage is a better option for long-term storage.
Store them in a place with consistent temperature and low humidity. Avoid extreme temperature
fluctuations, such as in attics or basements, which can damage the material.
Keep buttons out of direct sunlight to prevent potential fading or material degradation.
Early Bakelite didn’t have UV protectant and if sealant was used it isn’t either.
Back To Synthetic Polymers Cleaning, Restoring,
and Protection
Celluloid
If you don’t know how to identify Celluloid - CLICK HERE
Recommend Cleaning Method Remove thread by snipping it off with a seam ripper or scissors.
Avoid hot water or leaving them in direct sun.
Do not use ammonia, strong solvents, or abrasive cleaners, as they can damage the material.
Wipe off loose dust and dirt with a dry, soft cloth.
Test cleaning agents on a small, hidden spot of the button.
Lightly dampen a soft cloth (microfiber works well) with mild, soapy water using a mild
soap such as Ivory Snow or Orvus WA Paste Cleaner.
Wipe the button with a clean cloth with warm water, avoiding getting water into holes
or cracks if possible.
Restoring Method(s) Apply a tiny bit of non-gel toothpaste to a soft cloth, gently rub, then wipe clean
with a damp cloth and dry.
Protecting and/or Storing To protect Celluloid sewing buttons, the primary focus is on avoiding mechanical
stress and exposure to high heat or prolonged moisture. Casein is an organic,
milk-derived plastic that is vulnerable to these elements.
This is the most important rule. Machine washing can cause casein to crack, become
dull, or even dissolve in water hotter than 50°C (122°F).
Storing valuable Catalin buttons in completely sealed, deep containers like jars is
generally discouraged because all plastic gives off some type of gas to some extent, and
trapped humidity can eventually cause issues, especially with mixed materials (e.g., metal
shanks). Shallow containers or well-ventilated storage is a better option for long-term
storage.
Keep buttons away from high heat sources, including hot water and clothes dryers, which
can weaken the structure and cause damage.
Store them in a place with consistent temperature and low humidity. Avoid extreme temperature
fluctuations, such as in attics or basements, which can damage the material.
Store spare or collectible buttons in a container that allows some airflow, like a
glass jar or a cookie tin. Avoid sealing them in airtight plastic for extended periods,
as some vintage plastics can degrade and damage other items.
Back To Synthetic Polymers Cleaning, Restoring,
and Protection
Cellulose Acetate
If you don’t know how to identify cellulose acetate - CLICK HERE Notice
the difference between cleaning Celluloid and cellulose acetate. If you are uncertain between
the 2 use the Celluloid cleaning instructions.
Recommend Cleaning Method Remove thread by snipping it off with a seam ripper or scissors.
Never submerge or wash in water, especially hot water, as it can ruin them or cause
internal rust if metal is present. If buttons have metal shanks or layers, water will
cause rust from within.
Avoid acetone, nail polish remover, or strong organic solvents, as they destroy acetate.
Steer clear of household cleaners (like 409, Windex) or strong polishes (like
Simichrome), as they can cause damage.
Cellulose acetate can usually be washed gently with mild soap and water.
Start with a clean, soft cloth (like cotton) to gently wipe dust and grime off
the surface.
Lightly dampen a soft cloth (microfiber works well) with mild, soapy water using
a mild soap such as Ivory Snow or Orvus WA Paste Cleaner and wipe the surface gently.
Scrub gently using a soft-bristled toothbrush to clean crevices or stubborn spots.
Rinse by using a clean soft cloth with warm water and always dry fully after any damp
cleaning. Don’t leave water on them.
Restoring Method(s) For minor cracks or loose areas, dab a tiny bit of clear nail polish or super
glue (epoxy might be better) to hold things together.
A more gentle and reversible approach is advised. Many experts suggest using
a tiny amount of mineral oil on a cotton rag to polish the item, followed by buffing
with a dry, clean cloth to remove any excess. This approach avoids trapping harmful
acids and is easily reversible.
Using one the following wax, but you must apply it very thinly and avoid trapping
gases, as cellulose acetate releases acidic fumes that can damage the material if sealed
in, potentially causing decay.
ACarnauba Wax (2)
Renaissance Micro Crystalline Polish Wax (1) - (time saver) since it
Cleans, Restores and Protects in one step. Safe for
gemstones.
Protecting and/or Storing Don't use airtight plastic bags or containers. Use a covered jar with a cloth, open
trays, or fabric bags so gases can escape.
Don't store in drawers made of oak or maple; use powder-coated metal cabinets or
acid-free paper/containers.
Aim for stable temperatures (65-70°F) and moderate humidity (40-55%) to prevent
dryness or mold.
Store cellulose acetate buttons separately from metal buttons to prevent corrosion,
and ideally, isolate them from other materials altogether.
Ideally mounted on acid-free cards or in breathable containers (not airtight) like
jars with fabric covers, to prevent degradation from camphor fumes could be released and
to stop metal from corroding them; store similar materials together and avoid stacking them.
Store cellulose acetate buttons in breathable containers, not airtight tins, as camphor
fumes can build up and destroy them.
Back To Synthetic Polymers Cleaning, Restoring,
and Protection
Lavahorn
If you don’t know how to identify Lavahorn - CLICK HERE
Recommend Cleaning Method Remove thread by snipping it off with a seam ripper or scissors.
Avoid bleach, solvents, or abrasive materials
Avoid prolonged soaking because of hoofmeal.
A high temperature washer and dryer will cause damage.
Wipe off loose dust and dirt with a dry, soft cloth.
Test cleaning agents on a small, hidden spot of the button.
Lightly dampen a soft cloth (microfiber works well) with mild, soapy water using
a mild soap such as Ivory Snow or Orvus WA Paste Cleaner and wipe the surface gently.
Scrub gently using a soft-bristled toothbrush to clean crevices or stubborn spots.
Rinse by using a clean soft cloth with warm water and always dry fully after any damp
cleaning. Don’t leave water on them.
For Tougher Grime/Stuck-On Dirt Use rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) on a cotton swab to dissolve oils and dirt,
but don't overdo it as it can dry out some plastics.
Restoring Method(s) Apply a small amount of mineral oil to a soft cloth, gently rub the button
to loosen dirt, then wash off with soapy water and rinse.
Using one the following wax, work in small, circular motions to remove minor blemishes.
ACarnauba Wax (2)
Renaissance Micro Crystalline Polish Wax (1) - (time saver) since it
Cleans, Restores and Protects in one step. Safe for
gemstones.
Protecting and/or Storing Synthetic polymers can be protected through proper handling, mindful cleaning,
and appropriate storage to prevent common issues like scratching, chipping, or
degradation over time.
Storing valuable plastic buttons in completely sealed, deep containers like jars
is generally discouraged because all plastic gives off some type of gas to some
extent, and trapped humidity can eventually cause issues, especially with mixed
materials (e.g., metal shanks). Shallow, open containers or well-ventilated storage
is a better option for long-term storage.
Keep buttons out of direct sunlight to prevent potential fading or material
degradation, particularly for buttons with no UV protectant.
Back To Synthetic Polymers Cleaning, Restoring,
and Protection
Polymer Clay
If you don’t know how to identify polymer clay - CLICK HERE Many of
the hand made polymer clay buttons have a recommended sealer and/or wax coating. The strength
doesn’t come for the sealer, but if the polymer clay was baked thoroughly.
Recommend Cleaning Method Nail polish and most spray paints, as solvents can damage the polymer clay.
Avoid high heat and use bleach, strong detergents, or prolonged soaking.
If unsure on the type of synthetic polymer, test cleaning agents on a small, hidden
spot of one button.
Clean with water and mild soap such as Ivory Snow or Orvus WA Paste Cleaner.
Scrub gently using a soft-bristled toothbrush to clean crevices.
Air dry and avoid tumble drying, especially if sealed or decorated.
Alternate Cleaning Method Baby wipes can be surprisingly effective for quick cleanups on polymer clay buttons.
Rubbing alcohol is effective for detailed cleaning and removing smudges.
Restoring Method(s) To fix cracks, grind cracks slightly with a Dremel, add a tiny bit of super glue,
then cover with liquid polymer clay and fresh clay, smoothing with baby oil and
re-baking, or sand smooth. This method is not a guarantee.
Using one the following wax, work in small, circular motions to remove minor blemishes.
ACarnauba Wax (2)
Renaissance Micro Crystalline Polish Wax (1) - (time saver) since it
Cleans, Restores and Protects in one step. Safe for
gemstones.
Protecting and/or Storing Store away from heat (radiators, lamps) and direct sunlight to prevent them from
softening or curing further.
Avoid brittle, clear plastics like polystyrene (recycle id #6, like DVD cases), as
they can melt and fuse with the clay.
Using clear plastic organizers specifically made from non-reactive containers like
polypropylene (Recycle id PP #5) to avoid melting or bonding issues. This is the same
plastic used at food stores.
Use dividers or individual bags to keep different colors or finishes from scratching
or transferring pigment.
Back To Synthetic Polymers Cleaning, Restoring,
and Protection
Back To Table of Content by Material
References
(1) Renaissance Micro-Crystalline Wax Polish works on wood; raw & finished. Leather, Parchment &
Paper. Metal; Silver, Silverplate, Gold, Copper & Copper Alloys (Bronze, Brass, Tin, Zinc, German
Silver, Nickel), Lead & Pewter, Iron & Iron Alloys, Tin & Tin Alloys. Damascus; Stone, Marble,
Onyx, Limestone, Granite, Brick, Tile, Terrazzo, Obsidian, Alabaster; Gems, Glass, Porcelain,
Holloware, Bone, Ivory, Horn, Shell & Mother-of-Pearl, Gutta Percha, Dammars; Gilding & Gold Leaf,
Patinas. Enamel, Lacquer, Japanning, Cloute, Pose d'Or, Pique Point, Varnish, Marbleizing, Stains &
Artificial Graining. Plastics, Formicas, Paints, Polyvinyl Acetates, Esters of Polymethyacrylic,
Polycyclohexanones, Fiberglas Epoxy Resins, and much more.
Carnauba is a natural, hard wax from the leaves of the Brazilian carnauba palm, known as
the "Queen of Waxes," used for its high shine, hardness, and protective qualities in products
like car wax, cosmetics (lipsticks, mascara), and food (candy coatings, cheese wax) to add gloss,
water resistance, and structure. It's derived from sun-dried palm fronds and processed into hard,
yellow-brown flakes, valued for its high melting point, UV protection, and non-toxic nature,
making it a versatile, sustainable ingredient.
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